This paper examines some examples of not well integrating evidence into healthcare decision-making within the Republic of Korea, a nation characterized by a rapidly evolving and financially strained healthcare system. The review introduces various conceptual frameworks of evidence-based practice, including Evidence-Based Medicine (EBM), Evidence-Based Public Health (EBPH), and Evidence-Based Health Policy (EBHP), alongside a nuanced typology of scientific (context-free and context-sensitive) and colloquial evidence. Through brief literature reviews, the paper identifies significant barriers and crucial facilitators to effective evidence utilization. These include deficiencies in research infrastructure, accessibility gaps, the influence of political and value-based considerations, and the pervasive challenge of "decision-based evidence making." The report concludes by proposing actionable recommendations aimed at strengthening the evidence ecosystem, fostering deliberative processes, enhancing Health Technology Assessment (HTA) integration, and cultivating a robust culture of evidence-informed policy-making in Korea.

Evidence-Based Medicine (EBM) demands systematic changes across the healthcare system, essential for enhancing patient safety and quality of medical care. To address the question, "Are we adopting scientific methods to optimize patient safety and enhance treatment efficacy?", assessing the level of EBM implementation is crucial. The adoption rate of evidence-based medical practices varies across countries and medical fields, often being lower in resource-limited settings. In South Korea, there have been several documented cases where the adoption of non-evidence-based practices, such as CARVAR surgical procedures not based on scientific evidence, has led to severe patient safety issues, thereby raising significant concerns about the quality of medical care provided. Conversely, the ABBA Study exemplifies successful application of EBM, demonstrating how scientific research assessed the risk of intracranial hemorrhage in patients with low-dose PPA in OTC cold medicines. This study not only confirmed the associated risks but also influenced health policy, resulting in the withdrawal for PPA-containing OTC cold medicines in Korea. This positive example highlights the imperative for governments, healthcare institutions, and medical schools to expedite the transition to evidence-based, patient-centered healthcare by fostering a robust commitment to systematic reviews and enhanced support for clinical research. The Korean Society of Evidence-Based Medicine (KSEBM) is expected to play a significant role in embedding these core strategies domestically

Evidence-Based Practice (EBP) is an approach that utilizes the best evidence for patient care, and its importance is growing in various fields to improve patient-centered care. However, the Evidence-Practice Gap (EPG) that occurs in the practical application of EBP remains a significant problem. EPG refers to the gap between research results and actual clinical practice, which can hinder the optimization of patient care and lead to inefficiencies in the healthcare system. This review introduces the concepts of EBP and EPG and examines educational approaches such as Sicilian statements and Core Competencies in Evidence-Based Practice. In addition, we discuss translational research, knowledge transfer, multidisciplinary collaboration, and evidence-based policymaking, which are key efforts to resolve EPG. In addition, we emphasize the importance of setting research directions using the Evidence Gap Map (EGM) along with national strategies to promote the spread of EBP. This paper discusses how strategic approaches and policy efforts to resolve the EPG can contribute to the actual clinical application of EBP, and suggests future research directions.